高原犬种介绍Plateau Breeds
认识它们，是保护它们的第一步Knowing Them Is the First Step to Protecting Them
青藏高原孕育了世界上独一无二的高原犬种群体。它们与牧民共生千年，是雪域生态链与游牧文化中不可替代的伙伴。如今，这些原生犬种的纯种血脉正因无序杂交、种群退化而悄然消逝。
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has nurtured a unique group of canine breeds. Living alongside nomads for thousands of years, they are irreplaceable partners in the plateau ecosystem and nomadic culture. Today, their pure bloodlines are quietly fading due to unregulated crossbreeding and population decline.
藏獒、拉萨犬、西藏梗、玉树犬——每一个犬种，都是一部写在雪域高原上的活态史诗。
Tibetan Mastiff, Lhasa Apso, Tibetan Terrier and Yushu Dog — each breed is a living epic written on the snow land.
藏獒是青藏高原最具代表性的原生大型护卫犬，体型高大、骨骼粗壮、脖颈鬃毛浓密，千百年来为牧民守护帐篷、牲畜与家园，被誉为高原游牧文化的"活化石"。它忠诚沉稳、领地意识极强，能在严寒缺氧的环境中坚守岗位。然而，市场炒作退潮后的弃养与无序杂交，使纯种藏獒数量急剧下降，基因血脉面临流失。
The Tibetan Mastiff is the most iconic native guardian breed of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau — tall, heavy-boned, with a thick mane around the neck. For thousands of years it has guarded nomads' tents, livestock and homes, earning the name "living fossil" of plateau nomadic culture. Loyal, calm and intensely territorial, it stands its ground in the freezing, oxygen-thin plateau climate. Yet abandonment after the market bubble burst, together with unregulated crossbreeding, has caused purebred numbers to plummet.
拉萨犬是起源于拉萨的古老小型犬，曾是布达拉宫与藏传佛教寺院中的伴侣犬和"哨兵犬"，以长而密实的被毛抵御高原严寒。它体型小巧却机警勇敢，对主人忠诚、对陌生人保持警觉。作为高原独有的伴侣犬种，拉萨犬的纯种血脉同样正在被杂交稀释，亟待系统记录与保护。
The Lhasa Apso is an ancient small breed originating in Lhasa, once kept in the Potala Palace and Tibetan Buddhist monasteries as a companion and "sentinel" dog, shielded from the plateau cold by its long, dense coat. Small but alert and brave, it is devoted to its owners and wary of strangers. As a companion breed unique to the plateau, its pure bloodline is likewise being diluted by crossbreeding and urgently needs systematic documentation and protection.
西藏梗虽名为"梗"，却并非真正的梗犬，而是藏民眼中的"幸运犬"。它体格方正、被毛蓬松、耐寒耐劳，千百年来陪伴牧民放牧、守家，兼作伴侣与护卫，极少被出售，多作为吉祥的赠礼相传。随着牧区生活方式变迁，这一古老犬种的纯种个体也越来越少见。
Despite its name, the Tibetan Terrier is not a true terrier — it is the "luck dog" in the eyes of Tibetans. Square-built, shaggy-coated and hardy, it has accompanied nomads in herding and home-guarding for centuries, serving as both companion and protector. Rarely sold, it was traditionally passed on as an auspicious gift. As pastoral lifestyles change, purebred individuals of this ancient breed are becoming increasingly rare.
玉树犬是青海玉树三江源地区特有的原生牧区犬种，世代承担看护牛羊、护卫家园、协助放牧的职责。它体型矫健、被毛粗硬、耐粗饲，适应高寒缺氧环境，是牧区生产生活中不可或缺的伙伴。随着游牧方式转型与外来犬种流入，纯种玉树犬正从牧区视野中悄然消失，是目前最亟需建档保护的犬种之一。
The Yushu Dog is a native pastoral breed unique to the Sanjiangyuan region of Yushu, Qinghai. For generations it has watched over cattle and sheep, guarded homes and assisted with herding. Athletic and harsh-coated, it thrives on rough feed in cold, oxygen-thin conditions, making it an indispensable partner in pastoral life. As nomadic lifestyles transform and outside breeds flow in, purebred Yushu Dogs are quietly vanishing from pastoral areas — one of the breeds most in need of documentation and protection.
